{"id":9065,"date":"2025-06-24T02:07:28","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T02:07:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/?p=9065"},"modified":"2025-06-24T02:07:28","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T02:07:28","slug":"historicka-fakta-o-hlinikovem-prvku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/historical-facts-about-the-aluminum-element\/","title":{"rendered":"Historick\u00e1 fakta o prvku hlin\u00edku?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Historie
Historie hlin\u00edku sah\u00e1 od starov\u011bk\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po izolaci v 19. stolet\u00ed a masovou v\u00fdrobu ve 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Hlin\u00edk nebyl v\u017edy b\u011b\u017en\u00fd. Kdysi byl cenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zlato, dnes z n\u011bj stav\u00edme budovy a nap\u00e1j\u00edme z n\u011bj chytr\u00e9 telefony.<\/p>\n

Historie hlin\u00edku sah\u00e1 od starov\u011bk\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed slou\u010denin a\u017e po izolaci v 19. stolet\u00ed a masovou v\u00fdrobu ve 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sledujme jeho v\u00fdvoj od drah\u00e9ho kovu k pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9mu hrdinovi.<\/p>\n

\n

Kdy a kde byl hlin\u00edk poprv\u00e9 izolov\u00e1n?<\/h2>\n

Ne\u017e lid\u00e9 poznali hlin\u00edk jako kov, pou\u017e\u00edvali jeho slou\u010deniny, jako je hlin\u00edk, v barvivech a l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed. Izolace \u010dist\u00e9ho hlin\u00edku si v\u0161ak vy\u017e\u00e1dala stalet\u00ed pokroku v chemii.<\/p>\n

Hlin\u00edk byl poprv\u00e9 izolov\u00e1n v roce 1825 Hansem Christianem ?rstedem v D\u00e1nsku a v roce 1827 Friedrichem W?hlerem v N\u011bmecku.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Historie
Hlin\u00edk byl poprv\u00e9 izolov\u00e1n v roce 1825 Hansem Christianem Oerstedem.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

?rsted pou\u017eil proces chemick\u00e9 redukce, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m vznikl ne\u010dist\u00fd hlin\u00edk. W?hler tuto techniku zdokonalil pomoc\u00ed kovov\u00e9ho drasl\u00edku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikl kovov\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek. Pozd\u011bji v roce 1854 pou\u017eil Henri Sainte-Claire Deville k jeho \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed izolaci sod\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Tabulka \u010dasov\u00e9 osy: Ran\u00e1 izolace<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Rok<\/th>\nV\u011bdec<\/th>\nZem\u011b<\/th>\nDiscovery<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
5000 LET P\u0158. N. L.<\/td>\nStarov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace<\/td>\nMezopot\u00e1mie<\/td>\nPou\u017eit\u00fd hlin\u00edk (slou\u010denina) v textili\u00edch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1825<\/td>\nHans Christian ?rsted<\/td>\nD\u00e1nsko<\/td>\nPrvn\u00ed izolovan\u00fd ne\u010dist\u00fd hlin\u00edk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1827<\/td>\nFriedrich W?hler<\/td>\nN\u011bmecko<\/td>\nVyroben\u00fd hlin\u00edkov\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1854<\/td>\nHenri Deville<\/td>\nFrancie<\/td>\nZlep\u0161en\u00e1 extrakce sod\u00edkem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/svg> Hlin\u00edk byl poprv\u00e9 izolov\u00e1n jako kov ve 20. letech 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

Hans Christian ?rsted izoloval v roce 1825 ne\u010dist\u00fd hlin\u00edk a jako prvn\u00ed tak z\u00edskal tento kov.<\/p><\/div>
\n

<\/svg> Hlin\u00edk se jako kov pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ji\u017e od starov\u011bku.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

Starov\u011bc\u00ed lid\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali hlin\u00edk (slou\u010deninu), ale \u010dist\u00fd kov byl izolov\u00e1n a\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

\n

Jak se vyv\u00edjely metody extrakce?<\/h2>\n

V po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch byl hlin\u00edk tak vz\u00e1cn\u00fd, \u017ee byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za luxusn\u00ed kov. Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 objevy to v\u0161ak zm\u011bnily.<\/p>\n

Hall\u016fv-H\u00e9roult\u016fv proces (1886) a Bayer\u016fv proces (1887) umo\u017enily hromadnou v\u00fdrobu hlin\u00edku z bauxitu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Historie
Hall\u016fv-h\u00e9roult\u016fv proces umo\u017enil masovou v\u00fdrobu hlin\u00edku z bauxitu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Charles Martin Hall (USA) a Paul H\u00e9roult (Francie) nez\u00e1visle na sob\u011b vyvinuli elektrol\u00fdzu v roztaven\u00e9m kryolitu k levn\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b hlin\u00edku. Brzy pot\u00e9 Karl Bayer vynalezl postup, jak \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vat oxid hlinit\u00fd z bauxitov\u00e9 rudy.<\/p>\n

Tabulka v\u00fdvoje t\u011b\u017eby<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Obdob\u00ed<\/th>\nMetoda<\/th>\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00ed inov\u00e1to\u0159i<\/th>\nDopad<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1825-1856<\/td>\nSn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obsahu drasl\u00edku\/sod\u00edku<\/td>\n?rsted, W?hler, Deville<\/td>\nLaboratorn\u00ed, n\u00e1kladn\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1886<\/td>\nHall-H\u00e9roult (elektrol\u00fdza)<\/td>\nHall, H\u00e9roult<\/td>\nV\u00fdrazn\u00fd pokles n\u00e1klad\u016f, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1887-1889<\/td>\nBayer\u016fv proces (oxid hlinit\u00fd)<\/td>\nKarl Bayer<\/td>\nBauxit se stal \u017eivotaschopnou surovinou<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1900-sou\u010dasnost<\/td>\nKombinovan\u00fd Bayer + Hall-H\u00e9roult<\/td>\nGlob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed<\/td>\nVelkoobjemov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/svg> Hall-H\u00e9roult\u016fv proces umo\u017enil \u0161irokou dostupnost hlin\u00edku.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

Elektrolytick\u00e1 metoda umo\u017enila masovou v\u00fdrobu, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eilo n\u00e1klady.<\/p><\/div>
\n

<\/svg> Bayerov\u00fdm postupem se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo kovov\u00fd hlin\u00edk.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

Bayer\u016fv proces zu\u0161lech\u0165uje bauxit na oxid hlinit\u00fd; elektrol\u00fdzou se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 kov.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

\n

Jak\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed se objevilo v ran\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu?<\/h2>\n

Prvn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed hlin\u00edku bylo sp\u00ed\u0161e symbolick\u00e9 ne\u017e konstruk\u010dn\u00ed. S levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobou se v\u0161ak objevil jeho skute\u010dn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

D\u0159\u00edve se pou\u017e\u00edval na v\u00fdrobu n\u00e1dob\u00ed, \u0161perk\u016f, pam\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f a v roce 1900 i na v\u00fdrobu letadel, elektrick\u00e9ho veden\u00ed a lod\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Historie
D\u0159\u00edve se pou\u017e\u00edvaly jako n\u00e1dob\u00ed, \u0161perky, uz\u00e1v\u011bry pam\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f a sou\u010d\u00e1sti letadel.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

V roce 1855 nechal Napoleon III. vyrobit hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbory pro VIP osobnosti. V roce 1884 byla z hlin\u00edku odlita i \u010depice Washingtonova pam\u00e1tn\u00edku - tehdy stejn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 jako st\u0159\u00edbro.<\/p>\n

Tabulka ran\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Rok<\/th>\nProdukt<\/th>\nPozn\u00e1mky<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1855<\/td>\nN\u00e1dob\u00ed, \u0161perky<\/td>\nLuxusn\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty na v\u00fdstav\u011b v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1884<\/td>\n\u010cepice Washington Monument<\/td>\nVystaveno jako materi\u00e1l n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdosti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1890s<\/td>\nFotop\u0159\u00edstroje, n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed<\/td>\nNyn\u00ed cenov\u011b dostupn\u00e9 pro st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1900 - prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka<\/td>\nLeteck\u00e9 d\u00edly, kabely<\/td>\nLehk\u00e1 alternativa k oceli\/m\u011bdi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byl hlin\u00edk nezbytn\u00fd pro v\u00fdrobu letadel, radarov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a vojensk\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 hmotnosti a odolnosti proti korozi byl ide\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\n

Jak se m\u011bnily ceny v pr\u016fb\u011bhu desetilet\u00ed?<\/h2>\n

Kdy\u017e hlin\u00edk poprv\u00e9 vstoupil na trh, jeho cena se podobala cen\u011b drah\u00e9ho kovu. Ale inovace v\u0161e zm\u011bnily.<\/p>\n

V 50. letech 19. stolet\u00ed byl hlin\u00edk dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zlato. Do roku 1900 ceny klesly nad 95%, tak\u017ee se stal cenov\u011b dostupn\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm kovem.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Historie
V 50. letech 19. stolet\u00ed byl hlin\u00edk dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zlato, ale d\u00edky pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm proces\u016fm jeho cena klesla.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

V 50. letech 19. stolet\u00ed st\u00e1la asi \\$500 za libru (v dne\u0161n\u00edch dolarech). V roce 1900 se d\u00edky Hall-H\u00e9roultovu procesu pohybovala pod \u00farovn\u00ed \\$1\/lb. Dnes stoj\u00ed recyklovan\u00fd hlin\u00edk d\u00edky \u00faspor\u00e1m energie je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n

Tabulka cenov\u00fdch trend\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Rok<\/th>\nP\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e1 cena za libru<\/th>\nPozn\u00e1mky<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1850s<\/td>\n\\$500+<\/td>\nDra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zlato<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1880s<\/td>\n\\$17<\/td>\nProces spole\u010dnosti Deville sn\u00ed\u017eil n\u00e1klady<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1890s<\/td>\n\\$1.00<\/td>\nHall-H\u00e9roult komer\u010dn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1950s<\/td>\n\\$0,30-0,50<\/td>\n\u0160iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd kov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2000s-Now<\/td>\n\\$0.70-1.20<\/td>\nKol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed trhu + recyklace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Recyklace hlin\u00edku \u0161et\u0159\u00ed 95% energie v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u00fdrobou nov\u00e9ho kovu, co\u017e udr\u017euje n\u00edzk\u00e9 a stabiln\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n

<\/svg> Hlin\u00edk byl kdysi nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00edm kovem na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

P\u0159ed rokem 1886 byl hlin\u00edk kv\u016fli omezen\u00fdm metod\u00e1m t\u011b\u017eby cenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zlato.<\/p><\/div>
\n

<\/svg> Ceny hlin\u00edku byly v\u017edy n\u00edzk\u00e9 kv\u016fli jeho nadbytku.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

Ran\u00fd hlin\u00edk byl vz\u00e1cn\u00fd a drah\u00fd; teprve inovace jej u\u010dinily cenov\u011b dostupn\u00fdm.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Historie hlin\u00edku je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem inovac\u00ed.
\nJeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh sleduje lidsk\u00fd pokrok od starov\u011bk\u00fdch slou\u010denin a\u017e po modern\u00ed slitiny.
\nKdysi vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, dnes nezbytn\u00e9 - poh\u00e1n\u00ed letadla, r\u00e1muje budovy a bal\u00ed potraviny.
\nD\u00edky kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm objev\u016fm v 19. stolet\u00ed se hlin\u00edk stal z laboratorn\u00ed kuriozity z\u00e1kladem modern\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aluminum\u2019s history spans ancient use to 19th-century isolation and 20th-century mass production Aluminum wasn’t always common. Once more valuable than gold, it now frames our buildings and powers our smartphones. Aluminum\u2019s history spans ancient use of compounds to 19th-century isolation and 20th-century mass production. Let’s trace its evolution from precious metal to industrial hero. When […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7655,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-custom-mold"],"meta_box":{"post-to-quiz_to":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9065"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9065\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}