{"id":12319,"date":"2025-08-21T11:10:58","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T03:10:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/?p=12319"},"modified":"2025-08-22T09:28:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T01:28:56","slug":"jaky-je-bod-tani-hliniku-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/what-is-the-melting-point-of-aluminum-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00fd je bod t\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"v\u00edceslitinov\u00fd
Tepeln\u011b zpracovan\u00fd profil z hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny tvarovan\u00fd p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9m taven\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Hlin\u00edk se tav\u00ed, ale jak p\u0159esn\u011b? D\u0159\u00edve jsem si myslel, \u017ee v\u0161echny kovy taj\u00ed stejn\u011b. Pak jsem zjistil, \u017ee slitiny v\u0161echno m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010cist\u00fd hlin\u00edk se tav\u00ed p\u0159i teplot\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1220 \u00b0F (660 \u00b0C), ale p\u0159i legov\u00e1n\u00ed se tato hodnota m\u011bn\u00ed. Zde se dozv\u00edte, jak a pro\u010d k tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uvid\u00edte nejen \u010d\u00edslo, ale tak\u00e9 logiku, pro\u010d se hlin\u00edk tav\u00ed tak, jak se tav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\n

Jak\u00e1 je teplota t\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku?<\/h2>\n

Kdysi jsem v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee hlin\u00edk m\u00e1 jedin\u00fd bod t\u00e1n\u00ed. R\u016fzn\u00e9 zdroje mi v\u0161ak poskytly trochu jin\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. To ve mn\u011b vzbudilo zv\u011bdavost.<\/p>\n

Teplota t\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9ho hlin\u00edku je 660,32 \u00b0C nebo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1220,6 \u00b0F.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tato hodnota je konzistentn\u00ed ve v\u0161ech technick\u00fdch a metalurgick\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch. P\u0159esnost - 660,32 \u00b0C - poch\u00e1z\u00ed z laboratorn\u00edch zkou\u0161ek za kontrolovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. P\u0159i ka\u017edodenn\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ji pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed zaokrouhl\u00edm na 660 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e pracuji s hlin\u00edkem, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 mi toto \u010d\u00edslo \u0159\u00eddit zp\u016fsob jeho taven\u00ed, tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed. Ale to plat\u00ed jen pro \u010dist\u00fd hlin\u00edk. Po p\u0159im\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch kov\u016f se situace m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d se hlin\u00edk tav\u00ed p\u0159i t\u00e9to teplot\u011b<\/h3>\n

Hlin\u00edk je kovov\u00fd prvek se siln\u00fdmi atomov\u00fdmi vazbami. V periodick\u00e9 tabulce prvk\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed do 13. skupiny. Kovov\u00e9 vazby v hlin\u00edku jsou stabiln\u00ed a\u017e do teploty 660 \u00b0C. Jakmile se dod\u00e1 dostatek tepeln\u00e9 energie k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto vazeb, hlin\u00edk se zm\u011bn\u00ed z pevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky na kapalinu.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky tomuto chov\u00e1n\u00ed je hlin\u00edk u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b - je dostate\u010dn\u011b hork\u00fd, aby se dal tvarovat, ale ne tak hork\u00fd, aby si s n\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed neporadilo.<\/p>\n

Shrnut\u00ed bodu t\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Majetek<\/th>\nHodnota<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Bod t\u00e1n\u00ed (\u00b0C)<\/td>\n660.32\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bod t\u00e1n\u00ed (\u00b0F)<\/td>\n1220.6\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zm\u011bna f\u00e1ze<\/td>\nZ pevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky na kapalinu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P\u0159i atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9m tlaku<\/td>\nAno<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/svg> \u010cist\u00fd hlin\u00edk taje p\u0159i teplot\u011b 660,32 \u00b0C.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

Teplota t\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9ho hlin\u00edku je stanovena na 660,32 \u00b0C.<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/svg> Hlin\u00edk se za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek tav\u00ed p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

Pokojov\u00e1 teplota je hluboko pod bodem t\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku, tak\u017ee z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pevn\u00fd.<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

Jak se legov\u00e1n\u00edm m\u011bn\u00ed bod t\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku?<\/h2>\n

V\u017edycky jsem si myslel, \u017ee body t\u00e1n\u00ed jsou pevn\u011b dan\u00e9. Ale pak jsem vid\u011bl hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny, kter\u00e9 se tav\u00ed p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch nebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch. To m\u011b zm\u00e1tlo.<\/p>\n

P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f, jako je m\u011b\u010f nebo ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk, se m\u011bn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku p\u0159i taven\u00ed a m\u00edsto jednoho bodu se tav\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00e9m rozsahu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Legov\u00e1n\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 atomov\u00e9 struktury a pevnosti vazeb. Ty naru\u0161uj\u00ed pravidelnou hlin\u00edkovou m\u0159\u00ed\u017eku. V d\u016fsledku toho se hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny tav\u00ed p\u0159i dvou teplot\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Solidus<\/strong>: bod, kde za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 t\u00e1n\u00ed <\/li>\n
  • Liquidus<\/strong>: bod, kdy se materi\u00e1l st\u00e1v\u00e1 pln\u011b tekut\u00fdm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma teplotami je slitina v \"ka\u0161ovit\u00e9m\" nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b roztaven\u00e9m stavu. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i procesech, jako je lit\u00ed nebo vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 leguj\u00edc\u00ed prvky a jejich \u00fa\u010dinky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Prvek<\/th>\nVliv na bod t\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th>\nTypick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    M\u011b\u010f<\/td>\nSni\u017euje bod t\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\nZlep\u0161uje pevnost, obrobitelnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk<\/td>\nM\u00edrn\u011b sni\u017euje<\/td>\nLehk\u00fd, zvy\u0161uje pevnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    K\u0159em\u00edk<\/td>\nRoz\u0161i\u0159uje rozsah t\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\nPou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se p\u0159i odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed slitin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Zinek<\/td>\nSni\u017euje bod t\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\nZvy\u0161uje odolnost proti korozi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Mangan<\/td>\nMinim\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bna<\/td>\nzvy\u0161uje odolnost proti korozi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto prvk\u016f m\u011bn\u00ed profil t\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bdi m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit solidus na 500 \u00b0C, ale liquidus m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt st\u00e1le 600 \u00b0C nebo v\u00edce.<\/p>\n

    P\u0159\u00edklad: Hlin\u00edk 6061<\/h3>\n

    Hlin\u00edk 6061 obsahuje ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk a k\u0159em\u00edk. Jeho rozsah t\u00e1n\u00ed je:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Solidus<\/strong>: 582\u00b0C <\/li>\n
    • Liquidus<\/strong>: 652\u00b0C<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      To je 78 \u00b0C polotekut\u00e9ho stavu. P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vypl\u0148ovat slo\u017eit\u00e9 formy nebo tvary.<\/p>\n

      <\/svg> Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny se tav\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00e9m rozsahu vlivem leguj\u00edc\u00edch prvk\u016f.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

      Prvky jako m\u011b\u010f nebo k\u0159em\u00edk naru\u0161uj\u00ed strukturu hlin\u00edku a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed body solidus a liquidus.<\/p><\/div>\n

      <\/svg> Legov\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku m\u011bd\u00ed zvy\u0161uje jeho teplotu t\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

      M\u011b\u010f ve skute\u010dnosti sni\u017euje teplotu t\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku t\u00edm, \u017ee oslabuje jeho m\u0159\u00ed\u017eku.<\/p><\/div>\n

      \n

      Jak\u00fd je rozsah t\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9ho hlin\u00edku?<\/h2>\n

      D\u0159\u00edve jsem si myslel, \u017ee rozsah taven\u00ed se vztahuje pouze na slitiny. Pak jsem sly\u0161el, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed rozsah i pro \u010dist\u00e9 kovy.<\/p>\n

      \u010cist\u00fd hlin\u00edk m\u00e1 ostr\u00fd bod t\u00e1n\u00ed 660,32 \u00b0C, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo z pevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky do kapaliny.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Na rozd\u00edl od slitin se \u010dist\u00fd hlin\u00edk postupn\u011b netav\u00ed. Jakmile teplota dos\u00e1hne 660,32 \u00b0C, cel\u00e1 struktura se za norm\u00e1ln\u00edho tlaku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b stane kapalnou. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \"rozsah\" t\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Tento ostr\u00fd bod t\u00e1n\u00ed je d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d se \u010dist\u00fd hlin\u00edk v laboratorn\u00edch pokusech chov\u00e1 p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011b. Je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd v aplikac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159esnost, jako je elektronika nebo v\u00fdroba f\u00f3li\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Pro\u010d \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd rozsah?<\/h3>\n

      V \u010dist\u00e9m hlin\u00edku jsou v\u0161echny atomy stejn\u00e9 a tvo\u0159\u00ed jednotnou m\u0159\u00ed\u017eku. P\u0159i zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed se tato m\u0159\u00ed\u017eka p\u0159i jedn\u00e9 teplot\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozpad\u00e1. Proto se neobjevuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ka\u0161ovit\u00e1 z\u00f3na.<\/p>\n

      Naproti tomu slitiny obsahuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 atomy, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd se tav\u00ed jinak. To zp\u016fsobuje postupn\u00e9 p\u0159echody.<\/p>\n

      Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed tabulka teplot<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\nPo\u010d\u00e1tek t\u00e1n\u00ed (\u00b0C)<\/th>\nPln\u011b tekut\u00fd (\u00b0C)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u010cist\u00fd hlin\u00edk<\/td>\n660.32<\/td>\n660.32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Slitina hlin\u00edku 6061<\/td>\n582<\/td>\n652<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Slitina hlin\u00edku a m\u011bdi<\/td>\n500<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      <\/svg> \u010cist\u00fd hlin\u00edk m\u00e1 teplotu t\u00e1n\u00ed v rozmez\u00ed 655 \u00b0C a\u017e 665 \u00b0C.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

      \u010cist\u00fd hlin\u00edk m\u00e1 definovan\u00fd bod t\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoliv rozsah.<\/p><\/div>\n

      <\/svg> \u010cist\u00fd hlin\u00edk se tav\u00ed p\u0159i jedn\u00e9 pevn\u00e9 teplot\u011b.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

      \u010cist\u00fd hlin\u00edk s jednotnou atomovou strukturou prudce taje p\u0159i teplot\u011b 660,32 \u00b0C.<\/p><\/div>\n

      \n

      P\u0159i jak\u00e9 teplot\u011b se tav\u00ed hlin\u00edkov\u00e1 slitina?<\/h2>\n

      Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1m si, jak jsem se d\u00edval do datov\u00fdch list\u016f a vid\u011bl dv\u011b \u010d\u00edsla m\u00edsto jednoho. To m\u011b zpo\u010d\u00e1tku m\u00e1tlo.<\/p>\n

      Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny se tav\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na sv\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch mezi 500 \u00b0C a 670 \u00b0C a tvo\u0159\u00ed tak oblast t\u00e1n\u00ed mezi solidem a liquidem.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Dovolte mi, abych to rozebral na re\u00e1ln\u00fdch \u010d\u00edslech:<\/p>\n

      P\u0159\u00edklad slitin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      N\u00e1zev slitiny<\/th>\nSolidus (\u00b0C)<\/th>\nLiquidus (\u00b0C)<\/th>\nHlavn\u00ed prvky slitiny<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      2024<\/td>\n502<\/td>\n638<\/td>\nCu, Mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      6061<\/td>\n582<\/td>\n652<\/td>\nMg, Si<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      7075<\/td>\n477<\/td>\n635<\/td>\nZn, Mg, Cu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      319<\/td>\n513<\/td>\n643<\/td>\nSi, Cu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      2091<\/td>\n560<\/td>\n670<\/td>\nLi, Cu, Mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Tato \u010d\u00edsla se velmi li\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159i sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u017edy ov\u011b\u0159uji \u00fadaje v\u00fdrobce. \u0160patn\u00e1 teplota m\u016f\u017ee strukturu zni\u010dit nebo sn\u00ed\u017eit pevnost.<\/p>\n

      Pro\u010d na tom z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Casting<\/strong>: Pot\u0159ebuje p\u0159esnou teplotu pro napln\u011bn\u00ed forem, ale vyhnout se vad\u00e1m zrna. <\/li>\n
      • Vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Polotuh\u00e1 f\u00e1ze zlep\u0161uje tok a strukturu <\/li>\n
      • Sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Slo\u017een\u00ed slitiny ovliv\u0148uje v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd kov a tepelnou z\u00f3nu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        N\u011bkter\u00e9 slitiny jsou navr\u017eeny pro ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teploty t\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eila spot\u0159eba energie. Jin\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed liquidus, aby si zachovaly v\u00fdkon za tepla.<\/p>\n

        <\/svg> Slitiny hlin\u00edku maj\u00ed teploty solidus a liquidus, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed rozsah t\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

        Na rozd\u00edl od \u010dist\u00e9ho hlin\u00edku se v\u011bt\u0161ina slitin tav\u00ed postupn\u011b d\u00edky r\u016fzn\u00fdm kovov\u00fdm slo\u017ek\u00e1m.<\/p><\/div>\n

        <\/svg> V\u0161echny slitiny hlin\u00edku se tav\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159i 660 \u00b0C.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

        Ka\u017ed\u00e1 slitina m\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed solidus a liquidus v z\u00e1vislosti na slo\u017een\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\n

        \n

        Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

        Teplota t\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt na prvn\u00ed pohled jednoduch\u00e1 - 660 \u00b0C. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak do hry vstoup\u00ed slitiny, chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i t\u00e1n\u00ed se zm\u011bn\u00ed. Legov\u00e1n\u00ed posouv\u00e1 teplotu a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed rozsah t\u00e1n\u00ed. Zda je to 500 \u00b0C nebo 670 \u00b0C, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na sm\u011bsi. Znalost tohoto rozd\u00edlu mi umo\u017e\u0148uje bezpe\u010dn\u011bji a efektivn\u011bji tvarovat, sva\u0159ovat a zpracov\u00e1vat hlin\u00edk.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Heat-treated aluminum alloy profile shaped under controlled melting Aluminum melts, but how exactly? I used to think all metals melted the same. Then I found alloys change everything. Pure aluminum melts at around 660\u00b0C (1220\u00b0F), but this value shifts when alloyed. Here’s how and why that happens. You\u2019ll see not just the number, but also […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":12474,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-custom-mold"],"meta_box":{"post-to-quiz_to":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12319"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12319\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}