{"id":10582,"date":"2025-07-23T01:53:05","date_gmt":"2025-07-23T01:53:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/?p=10582"},"modified":"2025-07-23T01:53:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T01:53:05","slug":"tepelne-zpracovani-hlinikove-slitiny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sinoextrud.com\/cs\/aluminum-alloy-heat-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Tepeln\u011b
Tepeln\u011b zpracovan\u00fd hlin\u00edk pro pevnost konstrukce<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 d\u00edly \u010dasto nedosahuj\u00ed sv\u00e9ho pln\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu pevnosti a v\u00fdkonu bez spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro konstruk\u010dn\u00ed aplikace nebo aplikace s vysok\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku zvy\u0161uje pevnost, odolnost proti nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a trvanlivost, zejm\u00e9na u slitin \u0159ad 2xxx, 6xxx a 7xxx.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pokud pracujete s hlin\u00edkov\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi, mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1, jak\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt a pro\u010d z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdb\u011bru slitiny a st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. Poj\u010fme se do toho pono\u0159it a v\u0161e si rozebrat.<\/p>\n

Kter\u00e9 hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny nejl\u00e9pe reaguj\u00ed na tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h2>\n

V\u0161echny slitiny hlin\u00edku nejsou stejn\u00e9. N\u011bkter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na teplo velmi dob\u0159e, jin\u00e9 se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nem\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mezi tepeln\u011b zpracovateln\u00e9 hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny pat\u0159\u00ed \u0159ady 2xxx, 6xxx a 7xxx - tyto slitiny z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed pevnost a odolnost vhodn\u00fdmi tepeln\u00fdmi procesy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Typy
V\u00fdb\u011br slitiny pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed reakci na tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Slitiny hlin\u00edku se d\u011bl\u00ed na dva typy: tepeln\u011b zpracovateln\u00e9 a tepeln\u011b nezpracovateln\u00e9. Pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0159ady maj\u00ed z tepeln\u00fdch proces\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u00fd prosp\u011bch.<\/p>\n

Rodiny tepeln\u011b zpracovateln\u00fdch hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch slitin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u00e9rie Alloy<\/th>\nHlavn\u00ed prvky<\/th>\nReakce na tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th>\nB\u011b\u017en\u00e9 aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
2xxx<\/td>\nHlin\u00edk-m\u011b\u010f<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00edc\u00ed<\/td>\nLeteck\u00fd a automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6xxx<\/td>\nHlin\u00edk-ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk-k\u0159em\u00edk<\/td>\nVelmi dobr\u00e9<\/td>\nStavebn\u00ed, dopravn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7xxx<\/td>\nHlin\u00edk-zinek-ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00edc\u00ed<\/td>\nLetectv\u00ed a kosmonautika, sportovn\u00ed vybaven\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto slitiny?<\/h3>\n

Tyto slitiny obsahuj\u00ed prvky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed a ochlazen\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed zpev\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed sra\u017eeniny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad 6061 je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e1 slitina 6xxx, kter\u00e1 se po \u00faprav\u011b T6 st\u00e1v\u00e1 mnohem pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Naproti tomu \u0159ady 1xxx, 3xxx a 5xxx se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed za studena, aby z\u00edskaly pevnost. Tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jim p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neprosp\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

<\/svg> Slitiny hlin\u00edku \u0159ady 2xxx, 6xxx a 7xxx lze tepeln\u011b zpracov\u00e1vat.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

Tyto \u0159ady slitin reaguj\u00ed na tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zlep\u0161uje mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/svg> V\u0161echny hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny se tepeln\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00ed pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

Na tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed reaguj\u00ed pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 slitiny, a to vzhledem k jejich chemick\u00e9mu slo\u017een\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou hlavn\u00ed typy tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch slitin?<\/h2>\n

Tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed jedin\u00fd proces. Jde o posloupnost. Ka\u017ed\u00fd krok ovliv\u0148uje kone\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku zahrnuje \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed, tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed roztokem, kalen\u00ed a st\u00e1rnut\u00ed - ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich je zam\u011b\u0159eno na zlep\u0161en\u00ed specifick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Procesn\u00ed
Postupn\u00e9 kroky tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pevnosti hlin\u00edku<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky vy\u017eaduj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zp\u016fsobu jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Typy tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \n

    \u017d\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>
    \nZah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 hlin\u00edk, aby zm\u011bkl a dal se snadn\u011bji oh\u00fdbat nebo opracov\u00e1vat. Je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed po tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed za studena.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed roztoku<\/strong>
    \nZah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm slitiny na ur\u010ditou teplotu se leguj\u00edc\u00ed prvky rozpust\u00ed do pevn\u00e9ho roztoku.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Ha\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong>
    \nRychl\u00e9 ochlazen\u00ed kovu (\u010dasto ve vod\u011b nebo na vzduchu), aby se \"uzamkly\" rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 prvky d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se vysr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    P\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed (T4)<\/strong>
    \nHlin\u00edkov\u00e9 d\u00edly se ponechaj\u00ed p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b. \u010casem se vytvo\u0159\u00ed zpev\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed sra\u017eeniny.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Um\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed (T5\/T6\/T7)<\/strong>
    \nZah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 kov p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch (nap\u0159. 175 \u00b0C), aby se urychlil proces sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Tabulka f\u00e1z\u00ed tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    F\u00e1ze<\/th>\nTeplotn\u00ed rozsah<\/th>\n\u00da\u010del<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u017d\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n300-400\u00b0C<\/td>\nZjemn\u011bn\u00ed, zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed stresu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed L\u00e9\u010dba<\/td>\n450-575\u00b0C<\/td>\nRozpustit leguj\u00edc\u00ed prvky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ha\u0161en\u00ed<\/td>\nPokojov\u00e1 teplota nebo <100 \u00b0C<\/td>\nZachycen\u00ed rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v roztoku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    P\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed<\/td>\nPokojov\u00e1 teplota<\/td>\nPostupn\u00e9 zpev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Um\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed<\/td>\n160-220\u00b0C<\/td>\nRychl\u00e9 zpevn\u011bn\u00ed, uvoln\u011bn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Ka\u017ed\u00fd krok mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pe\u010dliv\u011b na\u010dasov\u00e1n a kontrolov\u00e1n. Mal\u00e1 chyba v na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo teplot\u011b m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit kone\u010dnou pevnost, odolnost proti korozi nebo stabilitu.<\/p>\n

    <\/svg> Ke zpevn\u011bn\u00ed hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch slitin se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u00faprava roztokem a st\u00e1rnut\u00ed.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

    Tyto kroky m\u011bn\u00ed mikrostrukturu tvorbou zpev\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch precipit\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p><\/div>\n

    <\/svg> \u017d\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed zvy\u0161uje pevnost hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

    \u017d\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bk\u010duje hlin\u00edk, sni\u017euje pevnost, ale zlep\u0161uje tvarovatelnost.<\/p><\/div>\n

    Jak p\u016fsob\u00ed roztok a st\u00e1rnut\u00ed na hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny?<\/h2>\n

    V\u011bt\u0161ina zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pevnosti hlin\u00edku poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u00fapravy roztokem a st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. Spole\u010dn\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1te\u0159 tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    \u00daprava roztokem rozpou\u0161t\u00ed prvky v hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 matrici a st\u00e1rnut\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00ed, jak tyto prvky vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed zpev\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"Ha\u0161en\u00ed
    Rychl\u00e9 kalen\u00ed zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 pevnostn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l slitiny<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

    P\u0159i tomto procesu se d\u00edly zah\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed, dokud se v hlin\u00edku nerozpust\u00ed leguj\u00edc\u00ed prvky, jako je ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk, k\u0159em\u00edk nebo m\u011b\u010f. Pot\u00e9 se rychle ochlad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    To zabra\u0148uje vysr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto prvk\u016f. M\u00edsto toho z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed atomy \"uv\u011bzn\u011bny\" v p\u0159esycen\u00e9m roztoku.<\/p>\n

    Um\u011bl\u00e9 vs. p\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed<\/h3>\n

    P\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed (T4) prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b. Je to jednoduch\u00e9, ale trv\u00e1 to d\u00e9le - obvykle n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Um\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed (T5, T6, T7) zahrnuje op\u011btovn\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed d\u00edlu na ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplotu (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 175 \u00b0C). To zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 prvky vytvo\u0159\u00ed drobn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice.<\/p>\n

    Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice funguj\u00ed jako z\u00e1tarasy pro dislokace - zvy\u0161uj\u00ed pevnost a tuhost.<\/p>\n

    B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 bou\u0159ky a jejich v\u00fdznam<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Temperament<\/th>\nPosloupnost proces\u016f<\/th>\nV\u00fdsledek<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    T4<\/td>\n\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby + p\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u011b pevn\u00fd, tv\u00e1rn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T5<\/td>\nChlazen\u00e9 z hork\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce + um\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed a\u017e vysok\u00e1 pevnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T6<\/td>\nL\u00e9\u010dba roztokem + um\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 pevnost, b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T7<\/td>\nP\u0159est\u00e1rnut\u00ed pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed stability<\/td>\nM\u00e9n\u011b s\u00edly, v\u00edce \u00falevy od stresu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Tento p\u0159\u00edstup se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u v\u00fdrobk\u016f, jako jsou sou\u010d\u00e1sti letadel, automobilov\u00e9 komponenty, r\u00e1my kol a konstruk\u010dn\u00ed nosn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

    <\/svg> P\u0159i st\u00e1rnut\u00ed se tvo\u0159\u00ed jemn\u00e9 sra\u017eeniny, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed pevnost hlin\u00edku.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

    Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice br\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu dislokac\u00ed, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje tvrdost.<\/p><\/div>\n

    <\/svg> P\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed je rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e um\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

    Um\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed urychluje proces zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm kovu.<\/p><\/div>\n

    Pro\u010d kontrolovat \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed kalen\u00ed p\u0159i tepeln\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku?<\/h2>\n

    Mnoho lid\u00ed kalen\u00ed p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, ale je to z\u00e1sadn\u00ed krok. \u0160patn\u00e9 kalen\u00ed zni\u010d\u00ed v\u0161e, co bylo provedeno p\u0159edt\u00edm.<\/p>\n

    Chlazen\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b rychl\u00e9, aby se rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky zachovaly v roztoku, ale kontrolovan\u00e9, aby nedo\u0161lo k deformaci nebo prask\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"Sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed
    Zvy\u0161te stabilitu pomoc\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch technik uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed stresu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

    Pokud je chlazen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pomal\u00e9, prvky za\u010dnou p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b tvo\u0159it \u010d\u00e1stice. T\u00edm se sni\u017euje mno\u017estv\u00ed zpevn\u011bn\u00ed, ke kter\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee b\u011bhem st\u00e1rnut\u00ed doj\u00edt.<\/p>\n

    P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 agresivn\u00edm kalen\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na u tenk\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k deformaci nebo vzniku vnit\u0159n\u00edch trhlin.<\/p>\n

    Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed ha\u0161en\u00ed<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Typ slitiny<\/strong>: Slitiny s vysok\u00fdm obsahem m\u011bdi nebo zinku vy\u017eaduj\u00ed rychlej\u0161\u00ed kalen\u00ed.<\/li>\n
    • Tlou\u0161\u0165ka d\u00edlu<\/strong>: Siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u00edly d\u00e9le dr\u017e\u00ed teplo, tak\u017ee ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt rychlej\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n
    • Ha\u0161ic\u00ed m\u00e9dium<\/strong>: Voda has\u00ed rychleji ne\u017e olej nebo vzduch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 postupy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Typ Quench<\/th>\nRychlost<\/th>\nRiziko zkreslen\u00ed<\/th>\nTypick\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Voda<\/td>\nVelmi rychle<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nLeteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, vysoce odoln\u00e9 d\u00edly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Vzduch<\/td>\nPomal\u00fd<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nKonstruk\u010dn\u00ed d\u00edly, tenk\u00e9 profily<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Sm\u011bs glykolu<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nVyv\u00e1\u017eenost zkreslen\u00ed a pevnosti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u00dapravou metod kalen\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobujeme ka\u017ed\u00fd proces slitin\u011b a typu v\u00fdrobku.<\/p>\n

      <\/svg> Pomal\u00e9 kalen\u00ed zvy\u0161uje pevnost tepeln\u011b zpracovan\u00e9ho hlin\u00edku.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

      Pomal\u00e9 ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje vznik ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch sra\u017eenin, kter\u00e9 slitinu oslabuj\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\n

      <\/svg> Rychl\u00e9 kalen\u00ed zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 roztokem upravenou strukturu hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch slitin.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

      Rychl\u00e9 ochlazen\u00ed zabra\u0148uje p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu vysr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uje spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\n

      Jak zm\u00edrnit nap\u011bt\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161it pevnost tepeln\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm?<\/h2>\n

      Tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed neznamen\u00e1 pouze zpevn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f - pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tak\u00e9 udr\u017eet jejich stabilitu p\u0159i nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Um\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 kalen\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed sni\u017eovat vnit\u0159n\u00ed pnut\u00ed, tak\u017ee d\u00edly jsou pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Vnit\u0159n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed, tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nebo sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed, kroucen\u00ed nebo prask\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f pod tlakem.<\/p>\n

      Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 metody pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed stresu<\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. \n

        Um\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed (T6\/T7)<\/strong>
        \nTento proces vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 pevnost se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm vnit\u0159n\u00edm pnut\u00edm. T6 je pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, T7 je stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        \u017d\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed stresu<\/strong>
        \nD\u00edly se m\u00edrn\u011b zah\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed (150-260 \u00b0C) a pomalu ochlazuj\u00ed, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eilo nahromad\u011bn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      3. \n

        Mechanick\u00e9 protahov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vibra\u010dn\u00ed uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed stresu<\/strong>
        \nPo kalen\u00ed lze d\u00edly mechanicky nat\u00e1hnout, aby se vyrovnaly vnit\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed tabulka tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Metoda<\/th>\n\u00daleva od stresu<\/th>\nZv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed s\u00edly<\/th>\nTypick\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        T6 Um\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed<\/td>\nM\u00edrn\u00e1<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nNosn\u00e9 r\u00e1my, nosn\u00edky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        T7 P\u0159est\u00e1rnut\u00ed<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nM\u00edrn\u00e1<\/td>\nLetectv\u00ed a kosmonautika, velk\u00e9 konstrukce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u00daleva od stresu Anneal<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\n\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9<\/td>\nPo obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed nebo tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Protahov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nDesky, ty\u010de, tenk\u00e9 profily<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        Bez t\u011bchto proces\u016f se mohou d\u00edly \u010dasem deformovat nebo selhat p\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

        <\/svg> Um\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it pevnost i stabilitu nap\u011bt\u00ed v hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch d\u00edlech.<\/b>Pravda<\/span><\/p>

        St\u00e1rnut\u00ed podporuje spr\u00e1vnou rovnov\u00e1hu mezi silou a vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u00falevou od stresu.<\/p><\/div>\n

        <\/svg> Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 d\u00edly v\u017edy vy\u017eaduj\u00ed po tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed na uvoln\u011bn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/b>False<\/span><\/p>

        \u017d\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed s uvoln\u011bn\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, ale nen\u00ed v\u017edy nutn\u00e9.<\/p><\/div>\n

        Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

        Tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku zahrnuje p\u0159esnou \u0159adu krok\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st procesu, od \u00fapravy roztokem a\u017e po st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a kalen\u00ed, m\u011bn\u00ed strukturu kovu. P\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m proveden\u00ed se zvy\u0161uje pevnost, sni\u017euje vnit\u0159n\u00ed pnut\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrobek, kter\u00fd spolehliv\u011b funguje v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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